Magma emission rates from shallow submarine eruptions using airborne thermal imaging

作者：Hernandez Pedro A^*; Calvari Sonia; Ramos Antonio; Perez Nemesio M; Marquez Antonio; Quevedo Roberto; Barrancos Jose; Padron Eleazar; Padilla German D; Lopez Dina; Rodriguez Santana Angel; Melian Gladys V; Dionis Samara; Rodriguez Fatima; Calvo David; Spampinato Letizia

来源：Remote Sensing of Environment, 2014, 154: 219-225.

DOI：10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.027

• Shallow submarine eruption
• Thermal airborne monitoring
• Erupted volume
• Effusion rate
• El Hierro
• Canary Islands

The effusion rate is the most important parameter to gather when a volcanic eruption occurs, because it controls the way in which a lava body grows, extends and expands, influencing its dimensional properties. Calculation of lava flow volume from thermal images collected by helicopter surveys has been largely used during the last decade for monitoring subaerial effusive eruptions. However, due to the depths where volcanic activity occurs, monitoring submarine volcanic eruptions is a very difficult task The 2011-2012 submarine volcanic eruption at El Hierro, Canary Islands, has provided a unique and excellent opportunity to monitor eruptive processes occurring on the seabed. The use of a hand-held thermal camera during daily helicopter flights allowed us to estimate for the first time the daily and total erupted magma volumes from a submarine eruption. The volume of magma emitted during this eruption has been estimated at 300 Mm(3), giving an average effusion rate of similar to 25 m(3) s(-1). Thermal imagery by helicopter proved to be a fast, inexpensive, safe and reliable technique of monitoring volcanic eruptions when they occur on the shallow seabed.

• 出版日期2014-11