Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity

作者：Kraus, Daniel; Yang, Qin; Kong, Dong; Banks, Alexander S.; Zhang, Lin; Rodgers, Joseph T.; Pirinen, Eija; Pulinilkunnil, Thomas C.; Gong, Fengying; Wang, Ya-chin; Cen, Yana; Sauve, Anthony A.; Asara, John M.; Peroni, Odile D.; Monia, Brett P.; Bhanot, Sanjay; Alhonen, Leena; Puigserver, Pere; Kahn, Barbara B.^*

来源：Nature, 2014, 508(7495): 258-+.

DOI：10.1038/nature13198

• ADIPOSE-TISSUE
• CDNA CLONING
• EXPRESSION
• MOUSE
• LIVER
• SIRT1
• MICE
• METABOLISM
• RESISTANCE
• CANCER

In obesity and type 2 diabetes, Glut4 glucose transporter expression is decreased selectively in adipocytes(1). Adipose-specific knockout or overexpression of Glut4 alters systemic insulin sensitivity(2). Here we show, using DNA array analyses, that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (Nnmt) is the most strongly reciprocally regulated gene when comparing gene expression in white adipose tissue(WAT) from adipose-specific Glut4k-nockout or adipose-specific Glut4-overexpressing mice with their respective controls. NNMT methylates nicotinamide (vitamin B3) using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor(3,4). Nicotinamide is a precursor of NAD(+), an important cofactor linking cellular redox states with energy metabolism(5). SAM provides propylamine for polyamine biosynthesis and donates a methyl group for histone methylation(6). Polyamine flux including synthesis, catabolism and excretion, is controlled by the rate-limiting enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine-spermine N-1-acetyltransferase (SSAT; encoded by Sat1) and by polyamine oxidase (PAO), and has a major role in energy metabolism(7,8). We report that NNMT expression is increased in WAT and liver of obese and diabetic mice. Nnmt knockdown in WAT and liver protects against diet-induced obesity by augmenting cellular energy expenditure. NNMT inhibition increases adipose SAM and NAD(+) levels and upregulates ODC and SSAT activity as well as expression, owing to the effects of NNMT on histone H3 lysine 4 methylation in adipose tissue. Direct evidence for increased polyamine flux resulting from NNMT inhibition includes elevated urinary excretion and adipocyte secretion of diacetylspermine, a product of polyamine metabolism. NNMT inhibition in adipocytes increases oxygen consumption in an ODC-, SSAT- and PAO-dependent manner. Thus, NNMT is a novel regulator of histone methylation, polyamine flux and NAD(+)-dependent SIRT1 signalling, and is a unique and attractive target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

• 出版日期2014-4-10