A randomized trial of sodium-restriction on kidney function, fluid volume and adipokines in CKD patients

作者：Campbell Katrina L^*; Johnson David W; Bauer Judith D; Hawley Carmel M; I**el Nicole M; Stowasser Michael; Whitehead Jonathan P; Dimeski Goce; McMahon Emma

来源：BMC Nephrology, 2014, 15(1): 57.

DOI：10.1186/1471-2369-15-57

• Dietary sodium
• Nutrition
• Chronic kidney disease
• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Kidney function
• Inflammation

Background: Dietary sodium restriction is a key management strategy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence has demonstrated short-term reduction in blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria with sodium restriction, however the effect on other cardiovascular-related risk factors requires investigation in CKD.
Methods: The LowSALT CKD study involved 20 hypertensive Stage III-IV CKD patients counselled by a dietitian to consume a low-sodium diet (< 100 mmol/day). The study was a randomised crossover trial comparing 2 weeks of high-sodium (additional 120 mmol sodium tablets) and low-sodium intake (placebo). Measurements were taken after each crossover arm including BP (peripheral and central), adipokines (inflammation markers and adiponectin), volume markers (extracellular-to-intracellular [E/I] fluid ratio; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), kidney estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate [eGFR]) and proteinuria (urine protein-creatinine ratio [ PCR] and albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR]). Outcomes were compared using paired t-test for each cross-over arm.
Results: BP-lowering benefits of a low-sodium intake (peripheral BP (mean +/- SD) 148/82 +/- 21/12 mmHg) from high-sodium (159/87 +/- 15/10 mmHg) intake were reflected in central BP and a reduction in eGFR, PCR, ACR, NTproBNP and E/I ratio. There was no change in inflammatory markers, total or high molecular weight adiponectin.
Conclusions: Short-term benefits of sodium restriction on BP were reflected in significant change in kidney function and fluid volume parameters. Larger, long-term adequately powered trials in CKD are necessary to confirm these results.

• 出版日期2014-4-4