A study of 63 cases with eyelid myoclonia with or without absences: Type of seizure or an epileptic syndrome?

作者：Caraballo Roberto H^*; Fontana Elena; Darra Francesca; Chacon Santiago; Ross Nicolas; Fiorini Elena; Fejerman Natalio; Dalla Bernardina Bernardo

来源：Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 2009, 18(6): 440-445.

DOI：10.1016/j.seizure.2009.04.004

• Absences
• Eyelid myoclonias
• Generalized idiopathic
• Mental retardation
• Photosensitivity

Purpose: Eyelid myoclonia and absences (EMA) induced by eye closure associated with brief, fast, and generalized paroxysms of polyspikes and waves was considered as an epileptic syndrome and a type of seizure as well. We analyzed the electroclinical features and evolution of EMA, and tried to determine if it represents a well-defined epileptic syndrome or a non-specific condition associated to other epilepsies.
Methods: Between June 1994 and June 2005, 63 patients who met diagnostic criteria of EMA were enrolled in the Study and have been followed up to the present time.
Results: Two main groups could be identified. The first group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup of 28 patients presented EMA associated with infrequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), and the other I of 9 patients presented early-onset EMA refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), associated or not with GTCS and mental retardation. Four of them had self-induced seizures, The second group included 26 patients with EMA associated with GTCS and/or massive myoclonias, or GTCS induced by intermittent photic stimulation. All these patients had electroclinical features compatible with idiopathic generalized epilepsies.
Conclusion: In the first group, EMA should be considered as a photosensitive idiopathic epileptic syndrome. A subgroup of early-onset of EMA refractory to AEDs, associated or not with GTCS and mental retardation should also be considered as a variant or a distinct photosensitive idiopathic epileptic syndrome. Finally, in the second group EMA may correspond to a type of seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsies.

• 出版日期2009-7