科研之友
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摘要
The increasing scarcity of freshwater in many parts of the world triggered a growing concern about freshwater use and its quality degradation. Currently, a number of methods to assess the potential environmental harm in ecosystems services derived from freshwater use are available under the framework of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In this study, the assessment of the quantitative freshwater use impact of a Portuguese wine (white %26apos;vinho verde%26apos;) was undertaken using the methods suggested by: Pfister et al. (2009), Frischknecht et al. (2009a, b), Ridoutt et al. (2010), and Mita i Canals et al. (2009). These methods differ significantly concerning the type of freshwater, freshwater scarcity level, and characterisation factors considered. The quantitative freshwater use of white%26apos; vinho verde%26apos; considering both viticulture and wine production stages (disaggregated into foreground and background sub-systems) is analysed at the inventory and impact assessment levels. Moreover, the freshwater footprint profile i.e. the compilation of quantitative and degradative environmental impacts related to freshwater use is also evaluated. The inventory results of freshwater use obtained by the Mila i Canals et al. (2009) method differ significantly from the ones obtained by other used methods due to the consideration of land use effects. At the impact assessment level, a large variability for the freshwater use impact was obtained, mainly due to different characterisation factors considered by each method. Besides, the background subsystems arise as the major hotspots for all methods other than that proposed by Mila i Canals et al. (2009) and for all degradative impact categories other than eutrophication.
- 出版日期2014-4-1
- 单位CSIRO
