A comparative study of metal contamination in soil using the borehole method

作者：Teh T L; Ab Rahman Nik Norulaini Nik^*; Shahadat Mohammad^*; Wong Y S; Syakir Muhammad I; Omar A K Mohd

来源：Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2016, 188(7): 404.

DOI：10.1007/s10661-016-5394-0

• Heavy metals
• Contamination
• Analyses
• Soil
• Risk assessment
• Borehole study

The present study deals with possible contamination of the soil by metal ions which have been affecting the environment. The concentrations of metal ions in 14 borehole samples were studied using the ICP-OES standard method. The degree of contamination was determined on the basis of single element pollution index (SEPI), combined pollution index (CPI), soil enrichment factor (SEF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Geo-accumulation indices and contamination factors indicated moderate to strong contaminations for eight boreholes (BL-1, BL-2, BL-6, BL-8, BL-9, BL-10, BL-12, and BL-13) while the rest were extremely contaminated. Among all the boreholes, BL-3 and BL-11 demonstrated the highest level of Cd(II) and Pb(II) which were found the most polluted sites. The level of metal contamination was also compared with other countries. The development, variation, and limitations regarding the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination can be provided as a helpful guidance for the risk assessment of metal ions in developing countries.

• 出版日期2016-7