科研之友
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摘要
With the development of global economy, the demand for energy is increasing quickly. Fossil fuels are unrenewable and will inevitably be exhausted despite continuous progress in exploitation techniques. Biodiesel has excellent fuel properties and it does not contain environmentally harmful aromatic alkanes. Biodiesel transesterification reaction can be broadly classified into two categories: chemical and enzymatic. Chemical catalysis have high yield of production but need high energy consumption, and the waste water has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) value and incur extra cost during downstream processing. By comparison, biocatalyst allows moderate conditions; thus it requires less equipment and is less harmful to the environment. Microbial lipase provides multiple catalytic activities with high yield. It is easily modified genetically and grows rapidly on inexpensive medium. However, some of their characteristics are not suitable for industrial production and it has become a hot topic for researchers to study on how to improve microbial lipases characters through directed evolution. In the past 10 years, directed evolution has been the powerful tool for tansformation of lipase function. It makes lipase with greater activity, thermostability, organic solvent tolerance in industrial condition. The short version addresses the various directed evolution methods to optimize lipase characters above.
