Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure affects the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory genes and proteins in mononuclear cells from children

作者：Estrada Capetillo B L; Ortiz Perez M D; Salgado Bustamante M; Calderon Aranda E; Rodriguez Pinal C J; Reynaga Hernandez E; Corral Fernandez N E; Gonzalez Amaro R; Portales Perez D P^*

来源：Mutation Research: Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis , 2014, 761: 27-34.

DOI：10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.006

• Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure
• Gene expression
• Expression of apoptotic and inflammatory
• genes and proteins
• Human cells

Humans may be exposed to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) through water consumption. However, the interaction between these two elements and gene expression in apoptosis or inflammatory processes in children has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, the expression of dAP-1, X1AP, TNF-alpha, ENA-78, survivin, CD25, and CD40 was evaluated by RT-PCR. Additionally, the surface expression of CD25, CD40, and CD4OL on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, and TNF-alpha was measured by Western blotting. This study examined 72 children aged 6-12 years who were chronically exposed to As (154.2 mu g/L) and F (5.3 mg/L) in drinking water and in food cooked with the same water. The urine concentrations of As (6.9-122.4 mu g/L) were positively correlated with the urine concentrations of F (1.0-8.8 mg/L) (r(2) = 0.413, p < 0.0001). The CD25 gene expression levels and urine concentrations of As and F were negatively correlated, though the CD40 expression levels were negatively correlated only with the As concentration. Age and height influenced the expression of clAP-1, whereas X1AP expression was correlated only with age. Additionally, there was a lower percentage of CD25-and CD40-positive cells in the group of 6-to 8-year-old children exposed to the highest concentrations of both As and F when compared to the 9-to 12-year-old group (CD25:0.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.9, p < 0.0014; CD40:16.0 +/- 7.0 vs. 21.8 +/- 5.8, p < 0.0003). PHA-stimulated lymphocytes did not show any changes in the induction of CD25, CD69, or CD95. In summary, high concentrations of As and Falter the expression patterns of CD25 and CD40 at both the genetic and protein levels. These changes could decrease immune responses in children exposed to As and F.

• 出版日期2014-2