Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6(+) CD4(+) T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection

作者：Bolduc Jean Francois; Ouellet Michel; Hany Laurent; Tremblay Michel J

来源：Journal of Virology, 2017, 91(4): UNSP e01402.

DOI：10.1128/JVI.01402-16

• CD4(+) T cells
• NF-kappa B
• human immunodeficiency virus

In this study, we investigated the effect of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligation on the permissiveness of activated CD4(+) T cells to HIV-1 infection by focusing our experiments on the relative susceptibility of cell subsets based on their expression of CCR6. Purified primary human CD4(+) T cells were first subjected to a CD3/CD28 costimulation before treatment with the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. Finally, cells were inoculated with R5-tropic HIV-1 particles that permit us to study the effect of TLR2 triggering on virus production at both population and single-cell levels. We report here that HIV-1 replication is augmented in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6(+) CND4(+) T cells upon engagement of the cell surface TLR2. Additional studies indicate that a higher virus entry and polymerization of the cortical actin are seen in this cell subset following TLR2 stimulation. A TLR2-mediated increase in the level of phosphorylated NF-kappa B p65 subunit was also detected in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells. We propose that, upon antigenic presentation, an engagement of TLR2 acts specifically on CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells by promoting virus entry in an intracellular milieu more favorable for productive HIV-1 infection.
IMPORTANCE Following primary infection, HIV-1 induces an immunological and structural disruption of the gut mucosa, leading to bacterial translocation and release of microbial components in the bloodstream. These pathogen-derived constituents include several agonists of Toll-like receptors that may affect gut-homing CD4(+) T cells, such as those expressing the chemokine receptor CCR6, which are highly permissive to HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate that TLR2 ligation in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells leads to enhanced virus production. Our results highlight the potential impact of bacterial translocation on the overall permissiveness of CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells to productive HIV-1 infection.

• 出版日期2017-2