Botanical off-site and on-site data as indicators of different land use systems: a discussion with examples from Southwest Germany

作者：Roesch Manfred; Kleinmann Angelika; Lechterbeck Jutta; Wick Lucia

来源：Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2014, 23(S1): S121-S133.

DOI：10.1007/s00334-014-0437-3

• Land use systems
• Prehistory
• Temperate Europe
• Pollen data
• Plant macrofossil data

Off-site pollen data as well as onsite plant macrofossil data from Southwest Germany enable the distinguishing of three main phases of agricultural land use history. The last phase, here simplified called the %26quot;Extensive ard phase%26quot;, had already started in the Bronze Age and ends in the 19th century A.D. It is characterized by extensive land management, permanent fields with short fallow phases, ploughing, the use of animal dung as fertilizer, and grazed woodlands. The first phase, comprising the Old and Middle Neolithic, is characterized by hoe-farming only on very fertile soils and a very restricted set of crops. For the second phase, comprising the Young, Late and Final Neolithic, a slash-and-burn-like agricultural system is most probable. During the Late and Final Neolithic, this cultivation system with fire use and shifting fields was gradually practised on permanent fields and was modified, leading finally to the %26quot;Extensive ard%26quot; land use system with fertilizer and ploughing instead of burning.

• 出版日期2014-5