摘要

Let i(G) and gamma(s)(G) be the independent domination number and secure domination number of a graph G, respectively. Merouane and Chellali (2015) [12] proved that i(T) <= gamma(s)(T) for any tree T and asked to characterize the trees T with i(T) = gamma(s)(T). In this paper, we answer the question. We introduce three operations on trees and prove that any tree T with i(T) = gamma(s)(T) can be obtained by these operations.