A neuroprosthesis for control of seated balance after spinal cord injury

作者：Audu Musa L^*; Lombardo Lisa M; Schnellenberger John R; Foglyano Kevin M; Miller Michael E; Triolo Ronald J

来源：Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2015, 12(1): 8.

DOI：10.1186/1743-0003-12-8

• Trunk control
• Seated balance
• Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS)
• Spinal cord injury
• Feedback control
• Rehabilitation

Background: A major desire of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) is the ability to maintain a stable trunk while in a seated position. Such stability is invaluable during many activities of daily living (ADL) such as regular work in the home and office environments, wheelchair propulsion and driving a vehicle. Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) has the ability to restore function to paralyzed muscles by application of measured low-level currents to the nerves serving those muscles.
Methods: A feedback control system for maintaining seated balance under external perturbations was designed and tested in individuals with thoracic and cervical level spinal cord injuries. The control system relied on a signal related to the tilt of the trunk from the vertical position (which varied between 1.0 = erect posture and 0.0 = most forward flexed posture) derived from a sensor fixed to the sternum to activate the user's own hip and trunk extensor muscles via an implanted neuroprosthesis. A proportional-derivative controller modulated stimulation between trunk tilt values indicating deviation from the erect posture and maximum desired forward flexion. Tests were carried out with external perturbation forces set at 35%, 40% and 45% body-weight (BW) and maximal forward trunk tilt flexion thresholds set at 0.85, 0.75 and 0.70.
Results: Preliminary tests in a case series of five subjects show that the controller could maintain trunk stability in the sagittal plane for perturbations up to 45% of body weight and for flexion thresholds as low as 0.7. The mean settling time varied across subjects from 0.5(+/- 0.4)and 2.0 (+/- 1.1) seconds. Mean response time of the feedback control system varied from 393(+/- 38) ms and 536(+/- 84) ms across the cohort.
Conclusions: The results show the high potential for robust control of seated balance against nominal perturbations in individuals with spinal cord injury and indicates that trunk control with FNS is a promising intervention for individuals with SCI.

• 出版日期2015-1-21