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摘要
In seismic images, an unconformity can be first identified by reflector terminations (i.e., truncation, toplap, onlap, or downlap), and then it can be traced downdip to its corresponding correlative conformity, or updip to a parallel unconformity; for example, in topsets. Unconformity detection is a significant aspect of seismic stratigraphic interpretation, but most automatic methods work only in 2D and can only detect angular unconformities with reflector terminations. Moreover, unconformities pose challenges for automatic techniques used in seismic interpretation. First, it is difficult to accurately estimate normal vectors or slopes of seismic reflectors at an unconformity with multioriented structures due to reflector terminations. Second, seismic flattening methods cannot correctly flatten reflectors at unconformities that represent hiatuses or geologic age gaps. We have developed a 3D unconformity attribute computed from a seismic amplitude image to detect unconformities by highlighting the angular unconformities and corresponding parallel unconformities or correlative conformities. These detected unconformity surfaces were further used as constraints for a structure-tensor method to more accurately estimate seismic normal vectors at unconformities. Finally, using detected unconformities as constraints and more accurate normal vectors, we could better flatten seismic images with unconformities.
- 出版日期2015-4
