Nano-composites SnO(VOx) as anodes for lithium ion batteries

作者：Das B; Reddy M V; Rao G V Subba; Chowdari B V R^*

来源：Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2011, 15(2): 259-268.

DOI：10.1007/s10008-010-1126-5

• SnO
• SnO(VOx)
• Nano-composite
• Li-ion batteries
• Anode

Nano-composites of SnO(V2O3) (x) (x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5) and SnO(VO)(0.5) are prepared from SnO and V2O3/VO by high-energy ball milling (HEB) and are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. Interestingly, SnO and SnO(VO)(0.5) are unstable to HEB and disproportionate to Sn and SnO2, whereas HEB of SnO(V2O3) (x) gives rise to SnO2.VO (x) . Galvanostatic cycling of the phases is carried out at 60 mA g(-1) (0.12 C) in the voltage range 0.005-0.8 V vs. Li. The nano-SnO(V2O3)(0.5) showed a first-charge capacity of 435 (+/- 5) mAh g(-1) which stabilized to 380 (+/- 5) mAh g(-1) with no noticeable fading in the range of 10-60 cycles. Under similar cycling conditions, nano-SnO (x = 0), nano-SnO(V2O3)(0.25), and nano-SnO(VO)(0.5) showed initial reversible capacities between 630 and 390 (+/- 5) mAh g(-1). Between 10 and 50 cycles, nano-SnO showed a capacity fade as high as 59%, whereas the above two VO (x) -containing composites showed capacity fade ranging from 10% to 28%. In all the nano-composites, the average discharge potential is 0.2-0.3 V and average charge potential is 0.5-0.6 V vs. Li, and the coulombic efficiency is 96-98% after 10 cycles. The observed galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and ex situ XRD data are interpreted in terms of the alloying-de-alloying reaction of Sn in the nano-composite "Sn-VO (x) -Li2O" with VO (x) acting as an electronically conducting matrix.

• 出版日期2011-2