Phenotypic diversification by enhanced genome restructuring after induction of multiple DNA double-strand breaks

作者：Muramoto Nobuhiko; Oda Arisa; Tanaka Hidenori; Nakamura Takahiro; Kugou Kazuto; Suda Kazuki; Kobayashi Aki; Yoneda Shiori; Ikeuchi Akinori; Sugimoto Hiroki; Kondo Satoshi; Ohto Chikara; Shibata Takehiko; Mitsukawa Norihiro; Ohta Kunihiro

来源：Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 1995.

DOI：10.1038/s41467-018-04256-y

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>DNA double-strand break (DSB)-mediated genome rearrangements are assumed to provide diverse raw genetic materials enabling accelerated adaptive evolution; however, it remains unclear about the consequences of massive simultaneous DSB formation in cells and their resulting phenotypic impact. Here, we establish an artificial genome-restructuring technology by conditionally introducing multiple genomic DSBs in vivo using a temperature-dependent endonuclease TaqI. Application in yeast and <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> generates strains with phenotypes, including improved ethanol production from xylose at higher temperature and increased plant biomass, that are stably inherited to offspring after multiple passages. High-throughput genome resequencing revealed that these strains harbor diverse rearrangements, including copy number variations, translocations in retrotransposons, and direct end-joinings at TaqI-cleavage sites. Furthermore, large-scale rearrangements occur frequently in diploid yeasts (28.1%) and tetraploid plants (46.3%), whereas haploid yeasts and diploid plants undergo minimal rearrangement. This genome-restructuring system (TAQing system) will enable rapid genome breeding and aid genome-evolution studies.</jats:p>

• 出版日期2018-5-18