科研之友
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摘要
Objectives To investigate how the two main electronic (e-) cigarette solvents-propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GL)-modulate the formation of toxic volatile carbonyl compounds under precisely controlled temperatures in the absence of nicotine and flavor additives. Methods PG, GL, PG: GL = 1: 1 (wt/wt) mixture, and two commercial e-cigarette liquids were vaporized in a stainless steel, tubular reactor in flowing air ranging up to 318 degrees C to simulate e-cigarette vaping. Aerosols were collected and analyzed to quantify the amount of volatile carbonyls produced with each of the five e-liquids. Results Significant amounts of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were detected at reactor temperatures >= 215 degrees C for both PG and GL. Acrolein was observed only in e-liquids containing GL when reactor temperatures exceeded 270 degrees C. At 318 degrees C, 2.03 +/- 0.80 mu g of formaldehyde, 2.35 +/- 0.87 mu g of acetaldehyde, and a trace amount of acetone were generated per milligram of PG; at the same temperature, 21.1 +/- 3.80 mu g of formaldehyde, 2.40 +/- 0.99 mu g of acetaldehyde, and 0.80 +/- 0.50 mu g of acrolein were detected per milligram of GL. Conclusions We developed a device-independent test method to investigate carbonyl emissions from different e-cigarette liquids under precisely controlled temperatures. PG and GL were identified to be the main sources of toxic carbonyl compounds from e-cigarette use. GL produced much more formaldehyde than PG. Besides formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, measurable amounts of acrolein were also detected at >= 270 degrees C but only when GL was present in the e-liquid. At 215 degrees C, the estimated daily exposure to formaldehyde from e-cigarettes, exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) acceptable limits, which emphasized the need to further examine the potential cancer and non-cancer health risks associated with e-ciga-rette use.
- 出版日期2017-1-11
