Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment Among Adults in the United States

作者：Tamura Manjula Kurella^*; Muntner Paul; Wadley Virginia; Cushman Mary; Zakai Neil A; Bradbury Brian D; Kissela Brett; Unverzagt Fred; Howard George; Warnock David; McClellan William

来源：American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2011, 58(5): 756-763.

DOI：10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.05.027

• Albuminuria
• chronic kidney disease
• cognitive impairment

Background: Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are each associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, but their joint association is unknown.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting & Participants: A US national sample of 19,399 adults without cognitive impairment at baseline participating in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) Study.
Predictors: Albuminuria was assessed using urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation.
Outcomes: Incident cognitive impairment was defined as score <= 4 on the 6-Item Screener at the last follow-up visit.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 3.8 +/- 1.5 years, UACRs of 30-299 and >= 300 mg/g were associated independently with 31% and 57% higher risk of cognitive impairment, respectively, relative to individuals with UACR <10 mg/g. This finding was strongest for those with high eGFRs and attenuated at lower levels (P = 0.04 for trend). Relative to eGFR >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was not associated independently with cognitive impairment. However, after stratifying by UACR, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was associated with a 30% higher risk of cognitive impairment in participants with UACR <10 mg/g, but not higher UACRs (P = 0.04 for trend).
Limitations: Single measures of albuminuria and eGFR, screening test of cognition.
Conclusions: When eGFR was preserved, albuminuria was associated independently with incident cognitive impairment. When albuminuria was <10 mg/g, low eGFR was associated independently with cognitive impairment. Albuminuria and low eGFR are complementary, but not additive, risk factors for incident cognitive impairment. Am J Kidney Dis. 58(5):756-763. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. This is a US Government Work. There are no restrictions on its use.

• 出版日期2011-11