Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a

作者：Malyarchuk Boris^*; Derenko Miroslava; Denisova Galina; Maksimov Arkady; Wozniak Marcin; Grzybowski Tomasz; Dambueva Irina; Zakharov Ilya

来源：Journal of Human Genetics, 2011, 56(8): 583-588.

DOI：10.1038/jhg.2011.64

• haplogroup Q
• haplogroup R
• human migrations
• Siberia
• Y chromosome

To investigate the structure of Y chromosome haplogroups R-M207 and Q-M242 in human populations of North Asia, we have performed high-resolution genotyping using both single nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeat (STR)-based approaches of 121 M207- and M242-derived samples from 885 males of 16 ethnic groups of Siberia and East Asia. As a result, the following Y chromosome haplogroups were revealed: R1b1b1-M73 (2.0%), R1b1b2-M269 (0.7%), R2-M124 (1.1%), Q1a*-MEH2 (0.5%), Q1a2-M25 (0.1%), Q1a3*-M346 (9.2%) and Q1a3a-M3 (0.2%). Despite the low coalescence age of haplogroup Q1a3*-M346, which is estimated in South Siberia as about 4.5 +/- 1.5 thousand years ago (Ka), divergence time between these Q1a3*-M346 haplotypes and Amerindian-specific haplogroup Q1a3a-M3 is equal to 13.8 +/- 3.9 Ka, pointing to a relatively recent entry date to America. In addition, unique cluster of haplotypes belonging to Q1a*-MEH2 was found in Koryaks inhabiting the Sea of Okhotsk coast (at a frequency of 10.3%). Although the level of STR diversity associated with Q1a*-MEH2 is very low, this lineage appears to be closest to the extinct Palaeo-Eskimo individuals belonging to the Saqqaq culture arisen in the New World Arctic about 5.5 Ka. This finding suggests that Q1a*-MEH2 likely traces a population migration originating in Northeast Siberia across the Bering Strait. Journal of Human Genetics (2011) 56, 583-588; doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64; published online 16 June 2011

• 出版日期2011-8