Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study

作者：Al Rubeaan Khalid^*; Abu El Asrar Ahmed M; Youssef Amira M; Subhani Shazia N; Ahmad Najlaa A; Al Sharqawi Ahmad H; Alguwaihes Abdullah; Alotaibi Metib S; Al Ghamdi Ali; Ibrahim Heba M

来源：Acta Ophthalmologica, 2015, 93(2): E140-E147.

DOI：10.1111/aos.12532

• diabetic retinopathy
• macular oedema
• non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
• proliferative diabetic retinopathy
• risk factors
• Saudi National Diabetes Registry

PurposeTo assess diabetic retinopathy prevalence and its risk factors in a society with type 2 diabetes epidemic using the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR).
MethodThis is a cross-sectional study using patient's clinical data found in SNDR data base. A cohort of 50464 Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25years were selected to assess for the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy.
ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 19.7%, where 9.1% have non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10.6% have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 5.7% have macular oedema (ME). Duration of diabetes and age are the most significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.88 (8.30-9.50) and 5.76 (5.10-6.55), respectively. Nephropathy, neuropathy, insulin use, poor glycemic control, hypertension and male gender significantly increased the risk for diabetic retinopathy. Smoking, hyperlipidemia and obesity significantly reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy among type 2 Saudi diabetic cohort.
ConclusionvThe low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our registry may be a result of the shortage or absence of well-structured screening programmes. Therefore, many patients with NPDR might have been missed. A prevention programme is needed to reduce the effect of diabetic retinopathy risk factors in this society.

• 出版日期2015-3