科研之友
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摘要
The "diffusion to traps" model quantitatively explains "magic" stretching fractions beta(Tg) for a wide variety of relaxation experiments (nearly 50 altogether) on microscopically homogeneous electronic and molecular glasses and deeply supercooled liquids by assuming that quasi-particle excitations indexed by Breit-Wigner channels diffuse to randomly distributed sinks. Here the theme of earlier reviews, based on the observation that in the presence of short-range forces only d* = d = 3 is the actual spatial dimensionality, while for mixed short- and long-range forces, d* = fd = d/2, is applied to four new spectacular examples, where it turns out that SER is useful not only for purposes of quality control, but also for defining what is meant by a glass in novel contexts. The examples are three relaxation experiments that used different probes on different materials: luminescence in isoelectronic crystalline Zn(Se,Te) alloys, fibrous relaxation in orthoterphenyl (OTP) and related glasses and supercooled melts up to 1.15T(g), and relaxation of binary chalcogen melts probed by spin-polarized neutrons (T as high as 1.5T(g)). The model also explains quantitatively the appearance of SER in a fourth "sociological" example, distributions of 600 million 20th century natural science citations, and the remarkable appearance of the same "magic" values of beta = 3/5 and 3/7 seen in glasses.
- 出版日期2011-11-15
