Neuroglia and their roles in central respiratory control; an overview

作者：Funk Gregory D^*; Rajani Vishaal; Alvares Tucaaue S; Revill Ann L; Zhang Yong; Chu Nathan Y; Biancardi Vivian; Linhares Taxini Camila; Katzell Alexis; Reklow Robert

来源：Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015, 186: 83-95.

DOI：10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.010

• Neuroglia
• Homeostasis
• Neuromodulation
• Gliotransmission
• PreBotzinger complex
• Retrotrapezoid nucleus
• Hypoxic ventilatory response
• Central chemosensitivity
• Purinergic signaling

While once viewed as mere housekeepers, providing structural and metabolic support for neurons, it is now clear that neuroglia do much more. Phylogenetically, they have undergone enormous proliferation and diversification as central nervous systems grew in their complexity. In addition, they: i) are morphologically and functionally diverse; ii) play numerous, vital roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis; iii) are key players in brain development and responses to injury; and, iv) via gliotransmission, are likely participants in information processing. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of neuroglia in maintaining homeostasis in the CNS, their evolutionary origins, the different types of neuroglia and their functional significance for respiratory control, and finally consider evidence that they contribute to the processing of chemosensory information in the respiratory network and the homeostatic control of blood gases.

• 出版日期2015-8