Nanobodies: site-specific labeling for super-resolution imaging, rapid epitope-mapping and native protein complex isolation

作者：Pleiner Tino; Bates Mark; Trakhanov Sergei; Lee Chung Tien; Schliep Jan Erik; Chug Hema; Boehning Marc; Stark Holger; Urlaub Henning; Goerlich Dirk

来源：eLife, 2015, 4: e11349.

DOI：10.7554/eLife.11349

<jats:p>Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies of camelid origin. We generated nanobodies against the vertebrate nuclear pore complex (NPC) and used them in STORM imaging to locate individual NPC proteins with &lt;2 nm epitope-label displacement. For this, we introduced cysteines at specific positions in the nanobody sequence and labeled the resulting proteins with fluorophore-maleimides. As nanobodies are normally stabilized by disulfide-bonded cysteines, this appears counterintuitive. Yet, our analysis showed that this caused no folding problems. Compared to traditional NHS ester-labeling of lysines, the cysteine-maleimide strategy resulted in far less background in fluorescence imaging, it better preserved epitope recognition and it is site-specific. We also devised a rapid epitope-mapping strategy, which relies on crosslinking mass spectrometry and the introduced ectopic cysteines. Finally, we used different anti-nucleoporin nanobodies to purify the major NPC building blocks – each in a single step, with native elution and, as demonstrated, in excellent quality for structural analysis by electron microscopy. The presented strategies are applicable to any nanobody and nanobody-target.</jats:p>

• 出版日期2015-12-3