Mechanisms for maintaining muscle

作者：Banerjee Ambar; Guttridge Denis C^*

来源：Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 2012, 6(4): 451-456.

DOI：10.1097/SPC.0b013e328359b681

• autophagy
• muscle mass
• myostatin
• ubiquitination - E-3 ligases

Purpose of review The balance between the rates of protein synthesis and protein degradation governs the maintenance of muscle mass in the body. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the latest understanding of the various pathways that maintain this balance between muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.
Recent findings The maintenance of muscle mass is an interplay between anabolic and catabolic pathways that are interconnected at several junctures. The insulin-like growth factor 1/IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway along with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, lysosomal/autophagy pathway and myostatin pathway maintain this homeostasis with the aid of various transcriptional and genetic factors, many of which continue to be discovered and studied in an ongoing fashion.
Summary We tried to present, in this short review, a holistic view of the various players, old and new, responsible for the maintenance of this delicate equilibrium between muscle gain and loss. The development of novel therapeutics aimed at the activation or suppression of these described mediators may help the field of medicine in the management of a myriad of clinical conditions, thereby improving mobility and quality of life of affected patients.

• 出版日期2012-12