Protected and Threatened Components of Fish Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea

作者：Mouillot David^*; Albouy Camille; Guilhaumon Francois; Lasram Frida Ben Rais; Coll Marta; Devictor Vincent; Meynard Christine N; Pauly Daniel; Tomasini Jean Antoine; Troussellier Marc; Velez Laure; Watson Reg; Douzery Emmanuel J P; Mouquet Nicolas

来源：Current Biology, 2011, 21(12): 1044-1050.

DOI：10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.005

The Mediterranean Sea (0.82% of the global oceanic surface) holds 4%-18% of all known marine species (similar to 17,000), with a high proportion of endemism [1, 2]. This exceptional biodiversity is under severe threats [1] but benefits from a system of 100 marine protected areas (MPAs). Surprisingly, the spatial congruence of fish biodiversity hot spots with this MPA system and the areas of high fishing pressure has not been assessed. Moreover, evolutionary and functional breadth of species assemblages [3] has been largely overlooked in marine systems. Here we adopted a multifaceted approach to biodiversity by considering the species richness of total, endemic, and threatened coastal fish assemblages as well as their functional and phylogenetic diversity. We show that these fish biodiversity components are spatially mismatched. The MPA system covers a small surface of the Mediterranean (0.4%) and is spatially congruent with the hot spots of all taxonomic components of fish diversity. However, it misses hot spots of functional and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, hot spots of endemic species richness and phylogenetic diversity are spatially congruent with hot spots of fishery impact. Our results highlight that future conservation strategies and assessment efficiency of current reserve systems will need to be revisited after de-constructing the different components of biodiversity.

• 出版日期2011-6-21