Association of vitamin D with adiposity measures and other determinants in a cross-sectional study of Cypriot adolescents

作者：Kolokotroni Ourania^*; Papadopoulou Anna; Yiallouros Panayiotis K; Raftopoulos Vasilios; Kouta Christiana; Lamnisos Demetris; Nicolaidou Polyxeni; Middleton Nicos

来源：Public Health Nutrition, 2015, 18(1): 112-121.

DOI：10.1017/S1368980013003480

• Vitamin D
• Adolescents
• Predictors
• Adiposity
• BMI
• Body fat percentage

Objective: To assess vitamin D status among Cypriot adolescents and investigate potential determinants including BMI and body fat percentage (BF%).
Design: Participants had cross-sectional assessments of serum vitamin D, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure. Linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of vitamin D with potential predictors.
Setting: Hospitals, Cyprus, November 2007-May 2008.
Subjects: Adolescents (n 671) aged 16-18 years.
Results: Mean serum vitamin D was 22.90 (SD 6.41) ng/ml. Only one in ten children had sufficient levels of vitamin D (>= 30 ng/ml), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (12-20 ng/ml) and severe deficiency (<12 ng/ml) was 31.7% and 4.0%, respectively. Lower vitamin D was associated with winter and spring season, female gender, reduced sun exposure in winter and darker skin. Participants with highest BMI and BF% when compared with a middle reference group had increased adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.21, 7.45 and OR = 5.02; 95% CI 1.80, 13.97, respectively). A similar pattern, although not as strong, was shown for vitamin D deficiency with BF% (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.04, 3.16) and BMI (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 0.85, 2.67). Participants in the lowest BMI and BF% groups also displayed compromised vitamin D status, suggesting a U-shaped association.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in adolescence is very prevalent in sunny Cyprus, particularly among females, those with darker skin and those with reduced sun exposure in winter. Furthermore, vitamin D status appears to have a U-shaped association with adiposity measures.

• 出版日期2015-1