Multicomponent molluscicide mixtures for zebra mussel control

作者：Costa Raquel^*; Aldridge David C; Moggridge Geoff D

来源：Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2012, 38(2): 317-325.

DOI：10.1016/j.jglr.2012.03.010

• Biofouling
• Dreissena polymorpha Pallas
• Invasive bivalves
• Mixture toxicity
• Pest control

Intuitively, it is reasonable to expect enhanced control of the biofouling zebra mussel through multicomponent molluscicide cocktails. In this study, the potential of combined potassium chloride, polyDADMAC, niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) for zebra mussel mitigation was investigated. A series of mixtures of varying compositions was tested. First, the combination was considered in its entirety, and the nature of the biocides%26apos; joint toxicity was elucidated by adopting a structured classification system previously defined. Then, a central composite experimental design was employed to detail the contribution of each ingredient to the blend performance and ultimately derive an empirical model of mixture effects to optimise the formulation composition. Whilst the action of some of the toxins was synergised, the blend does not appear promising for zebra mussel control. Overall, the chemicals acted less than additively and, under some circumstances, antagonistic effects were observed. Although these results do not immediately lead to a new approach to pest mitigation, the study highlights aspects that are of practical relevance for the design of combined chemical treatments. In particular, this work recalls the funnel hypothesis from the field of ecotoxicology (blends tend to be additive as the number of ingredients increases), which may provide key guidance in the mixture design process. Furthermore, the study shows that multiple biocides do not necessarily ensure improved zebra mussel mitigation, and therefore the nature of their combined effects should always be carefully examined. The systematic procedure proposed here to critically design biocide blends is useful in this context.

• 出版日期2012-6