Detection and Sizing of Ti-Containing Particles in Recreational Waters Using Single Particle ICP-MS

作者：Venkatesan Arjun K.^*; Reed Robert B.; Lee Sungyun; Bi Xiangyu; Hanigan David; Yang Yu; Ranville James F.; Herckes Pierre; Westerhoff Paul

来源：Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018, 100(1): 120-126.

DOI：10.1007/s00128-017-2216-1

• Titanium dioxide
• Nanoparticles
• Single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS)
• Recreational waters
• Exposure
• River

Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) was used to detect Ti-containing particles in heavily-used bathing areas of a river (Salt River) and five swimming pools. Ti-containing particle concentrations in swimming pools ranged from 2.8 x 10(3) to 4.4 x 10(3) particles/mL and were an order of magnitude lower than those detected in the Salt River. Measurements from the Salt River showed an 80% increase in Ti-containing particle concentration over baseline concentration during peak recreational activity (at 16:00 h) in the river. Cloud point extraction followed by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed presence of aggregated TiO2 particles in river samples, showing morphological similarity to particles present in an over-the-counter sunscreen product. The maximum particle mass concentration detected in a sample from the Salt River (659 ng/L) is only slightly lower than the predicted no effect concentration for TiO2 to aquatic organisms (< 1 mu g/L).

• 出版日期2018-1