Geometric attacks resistant image watermarking in affine covariant regions

作者：Deng Cheng^*; Li Jie; Gao Xin Bo

来源：Acta Automatica Sinica, 2010, 36(2): 221-228.

DOI：10.3724/SP.J.1004.2010.00221

• Feature point
• Geometric attacks
• Gradient orientations
• Host images
• Image normalization
• Image Watermarking
• Invariant points
• Minimum spanning trees
• Rotation invariance
• Selection criteria

A robust image watermarking in affine covariant regions is proposed. First, the affine-invariant point detector is used to extract feature points of a given host image. A set of stable and non-overlapped afflne covariant regions are then chosen via selection criterion based on the minimum spanning tree clustering algorithm. Secondly, image normalization and dominant gradient orientation alignment are performed on these feature regions to achieve scaling and rotation invariance. Finally, watermarks are directly embedded in these feature regions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is robust against common image processing operations, geometric attacks, and combined attacks.

• 出版日期2010
• 单位西安电子科技大学