Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With Tourette Syndrome With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

作者：Sukhodolsky Denis G^*; Landeros Weisenberger Angeli; Scahill Lawrence; Leckman James F; Schultz Robert T

来源：Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010, 49(11): 1155-1164.

DOI：10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.008

• Tourette syndrome
• attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• neuropsychological functioning
• response inhibition
• visual motor skills

Objective: Neuropsychological functioning in children with Tourette syndrome (TS) has been characterized by subtle deficits in response inhibition, visual motor integration, and fine-motor coordination. The association of these deficits with the tics of the TS versus co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been well understood because of small sample sizes and lack of adequate control conditions. We examined neuropsychological functioning in relatively large and well-characterized samples of children categorized as TS, TS-plus-ADHD, ADHD, and unaffected controls. Method: A total of 56 children with TS-only, 45 with TS-plus-ADHD, 64 with ADHD, and 71 healthy community control subjects were assessed on a battery of neuropsychological measures including the Connors' Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop), the Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test (VMI), and the Purdue Pegboard Test. Results: There were no differences between children with TS-only and unaffected controls on the measures of response inhibition and visual motor integration. Boys with TS-only but not girls with TS-only were impaired in the dominant hand Purdue performance. Children with ADHD were impaired on all study measures. Children with TS-plus-ADHD revealed no deficits on the Stroop, VMI, and Purdue tests but were impaired on the sustained attention portion of the CPT. Conclusions: These results indicate that co-occurring ADHD may be responsible for the neuropsychological deficits, or at least those assessed in the present study, in children with TS. Explanations in terms of neurobiological mechanisms of co-occurring TS and ADHD, as well as possible compensatory mechanisms in children with TS, are discussed. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(11)1155-1164.

• 出版日期2010-11