Assessment of maxillary and infraorbital nerve blockade for rhinoscopy in sevoflurane anesthetized dogs

作者：Cremer Jeannette^*; Sum Steffen O; Braun Christina; Figueiredo Juliana; Rodriguez Guarin Carolina

来源：Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2013, 40(4): 432-439.

DOI：10.1111/vaa.12032

• dog
• infraorbital nerve
• lidocaine
• local anesthesia
• maxillary nerve
• rhinoscopy

Objective To investigate the efficacy of maxillary and infraorbital nerve blocks for prevention of cardiovascular and qualitative responses to rhinoscopy, as well as response to skin clamping after assigned nerve block placement. Study design Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over experimental study. Animals Eight random-source mixed breed dogs %26gt;1year old and weighing between 13 and 22kg. Methods Within three anesthetic episodes, separated by at least 3days, dogs were assigned to receive either 1mL lidocaine 2% maxillary nerve block (ML); 0.5mL lidocaine 2% infraorbital nerve block (IOL); or equal amounts of saline for maxillary or infraorbital nerve block combined as control treatment (S). Monitoring included temperature, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2, ECG, heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP, MAP). Posterior (pR) and anterior rhinoscopies (aR) were performed and scored. Differences from baseline for outcome parameters HR, SAP, DAP, MAP were analyzed using repeated-measures anova, and results reported as mean +/- SD. Binary scores for rhinoscopy were analyzed using logistic regression, and odds ratio was reported. Results Changes from baseline for HR and SAP were significant for all treatments, besides ML for pR. Difference in changes from baseline among treatments was statistically significant for HR during pR with ML%26lt;S, and for SAP, DAP and MAP in right and left aR with ML%26lt;S and IOL%26gt;ML, except for DAP in left aR with only IOL%26gt;ML. Analysis of the binary score showed that the probability of a response for S and IOL treatments was nearly triple that of the ML treatment. None of the dogs, regardless of the treatments applied, responded to skin clamping. Conclusion and clinical relevance Cardiovascular parameters do not seem to reflect the occurrence of adverse reactions during rhinoscopy. The maxillary nerve block is superior to the infraorbital nerve block, as applied in this study, in preventing adverse reactions during posterior rhinoscopy.

• 出版日期2013-7