Oral Pressure and Nasal Flow on /m/ and /p/ in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children Without Cleft Palate

作者：Searl Jeff^*; Knollhoff Stephanie

来源：Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 2013, 50(1): 40-50.

DOI：10.1597/11-149

• children
• nasal flow
• normal
• oral pressure

Objectives: (1) To compare oral pressure and nasal airflow in 3- to 5-year-olds versus older children and adults; (2) to describe stability of these measures in 3- to 5-year-olds at two recording times; and (3) to report participation rates of 3- to 5-year-olds for the aerodynamic protocol. %26lt;br%26gt;Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, convenience samples in four age groups. %26lt;br%26gt;Setting: University clinic. %26lt;br%26gt;Participants: A total of 105 individuals without cleft palate and with normal speech for their age who were 3 to 5 (n = 45), 7 to 9 (n = 20), 11 to 13 (n = 20), or 20 to 30 years old (n = 20). All had normal nasal resonance and absence of nasally obstructive conditions on the testing day. %26lt;br%26gt;Main Outcome Measures: Oral pressure and nasal airflow on /p/ and /m/ in syllable series and the word %26quot;hamper.%26apos;%26apos; %26lt;br%26gt;Results: Oral pressure was significantly higher on /p/ for 3- to 5-year-olds versus the two oldest groups. Nasal airflow on /p/ occurred infrequently across groups. Oral pressure on /m/ was significantly higher for 3- to 5-year-olds versus adults. Nasal airflow on /m/ increased significantly with age. Oral pressure and nasal flow did not differ at two measurement times for the 3- to 5-year-olds. Of the 3- to 5-year-olds, 88% completed the protocol. %26lt;br%26gt;Conclusions: Oral pressure decreased on /p/ and nasal airflow increased on /m/ from early childhood into adulthood. Nasal air escape on /p/ occurred rarely for speakers of any age; when it did occur, the magnitude was limited. Most preschool-aged children should be able to complete a velopharyngeal aerodynamic protocol, and measures are stable even for these young speakers.

• 出版日期2013-1