A reversible watermarking scheme for two-dimensional CAD engineering graphics based on improved difference expansion

作者：Peng Fei^*; Lei Yu-zhou; Long Min; Sun Xing-ming

来源：CAD Computer Aided Design, 2011, 43(8): 1018-1024.

DOI：10.1016/j.cad.2011.03.011

• Reversible watermarking
• 2D CAD engineering graphics
• Difference expansion

Difference expansion is widely used in reversible watermarking for raster images, but it cannot be applied to data with low correlation, due to its large distortion. In this paper, an improvement is made to difference expansion technology to make it suitable for two-dimensional (2D) computer-aided design (CAD) engineering graphics. Based on improved difference expansion (IDE), a reversible watermarking scheme for 2D CAD engineering graphics is proposed. First, all vertices of the 2D CAD engineering graphics are extracted, and then the relative coordinates of these vertices are calculated. Finally, the encrypted watermark is embedded into the scale factor of the relative coordinates by using IDE technology. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a large capacity, good imperceptibility, and is robust against operations such as transformation, rotation, and equal scaling.

• 出版日期2011-8
• 单位长沙理工大学; 湖南大学