All-Sky Surface Radiation and Clear-Sky Surface Energy Budgets: Summer to Freeze-Up in the Western Maritime Arctic

作者：Raddatz R L^*; Papakyriakou T; Galley R J; Asplin M G; Candlish L M; Else B; Barber D G

来源：Atmosphere-Ocean, 2013, 51(5): 489-504.

DOI：10.1080/07055900.2013.831339

• all-sky surface radiation budget
• clear-sky surface energy budget
• summer to freeze-up
• western maritime Arctic

The 2009 ArcticNet expedition was a field campaign in the Amundsen Gulf-eastern Beaufort Sea region from mid-July to the beginning of November aboard the CCGS Amundsen that provided an opportunity to describe the all-sky surface radiation and the clear-sky surface energy budgets from summer to freeze-up in the data sparse western maritime Arctic. Because the fractional area of open water was generally larger than the fractional area of ice floes, the net radiation at the water surface controlled the radiation budget. Because the water albedo is much less than the albedo of the ice floes, the extent and duration of open water in summer is an important albedo feedback mechanism. From summer to freeze-up, the net all-sky shortwave radiation declined steadily as the solar angle lowered, while coincidently the net all-sky longwave radiation became increasingly negative. The all-sky net surface radiation switched from positive in summer to negative during the freeze-up period. From summer to freeze-up, both upward and downward turbulent heat fluxes occurred. In summer, a positive surface energy budget residual contributed to the melting of ice floes and/or to the warming of the Arctic Ocean%26apos;s mixed layer. During the freeze-up period, with temperatures below approximately -5 degrees C, the residuals were mainly negative suggesting that heat loss from the ocean%26apos;s mixed layer and heat released by the phase change of water were significant components of the energy budget%26apos;s residual.

• 出版日期2013