Alzheimer's Disease: Assessing the Role of Spirochetes, Biofilms, the Immune System, and Amyloid-beta with Regard to Potential Treatment and Prevention

作者：Allen Herbert B^*

来源：Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2016, 53(4): 1271-1276.

DOI：10.3233/JAD-160388

• Amyloid-beta
• biofilm
• innate immunity
• spirochetes
• treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an infectious disease caused by spirochetes, and these spirochetes form biofilms, which attract the innate immune system. The innate immune system first responder, Toll-like receptor 2, generates both NF-kappa B and TNF-alpha which try to kill the spirochetes in the biofilm, but cannot penetrate the "slime". NF-kappa B is also responsible for the generation of amyloid-beta (A beta) which itself is anti-microbial. A beta cannot penetrate the biofilm either, and its accumulation leads to destruction of the cerebral neurocircuitry. Treatment with penicillin (as in tertiary syphilis, the comparator to AD) is outlined; a biofilm dispersing agent may need to be added to the protocol.

• 出版日期2016