Multivariate analysis of sediment data from the upper and middle Odra River (Poland)

作者：Gielar Agnieszka^*; Helios Rybicka Edeltrauda; Moeller Stefan; Einax Juergen W

来源：Applied Geochemistry, 2012, 27(8): 1540-1545.

DOI：10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.04.004

River pollution data are characterized by high variability. Multivariate statistical methods help to determine a complex set of these multidimensional data and to extract latent information (e.g. differently polluted areas, discharges). The chemometric methods can handle interactions between different pollutants and relationships among various sampling locations. This study presents an application of multivariate data analysis in the field of environmental pollution. The dataset consists of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn contents of sediment samples collected in the upper and middle Odra River (Poland) in three sampling campaigns (November 1998, June 1999, and May 2000). As chemometric tools cluster analysis (CA), multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis (MVDA) and factor analysis (FA) were used to investigate the matrix of 60 sampling points. %26lt;br%26gt;The cluster analysis shows that pollution can be divided into three groups which were strongly dependent on the level of the contamination (high for Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb and Zn) and the localization of the samples (upper and middle Odra River). Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis helps to confirm the results from the CA. This method was used also to apply real reduction in the tested matrix dimension by use of forward strategy. In the fourth step of that strategy the variables Cu, Cr, Pb, and Fe are sufficient to describe the variability in the river sediments and to separate the classes. Two factors extracted by the factor analysis explained approximately 54% of the total variance of the system and allow identification of the dominant anthropogenic sources in the river system. Factor 1 describes 39.06% of the common variance and is highly loaded by Cr, Cu and Zn. Factor 2 includes pollution with Fe and Pb and explains 14.97% of the common variance. The interpretation of factor analysis was confirmed by the representation of factor scores as a function of the river distance in kilometers. Thereby, the pollution sources from the Glogow-Legnica Cu-mining activities could be determined. For Fe and Pb contents a slight decrease can be detected from 1999 and 2000. Furthermore, it can be shown that the contents of Cr, Cu and Zn increased in the sediments along the Odra River course but the basic contamination structure remained unchanged for the investigated years.

• 出版日期2012-8