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摘要
According to the European List of Wastes, dredged sediments are either hazardous or non-hazardous wastes. The main objective was to develop a methodology for applying the criteria H7 (carcinogen, C), H10 (toxic for reproduction, R) and H11 (mutagenic, M) of the EU legislation to the results of Routine Sediment Monitoring Networks (RSMNs). Criteria H7, H10 and H11 are the only ones for which quantitative data are available in RSMNs. The second objective was to apply, from the perspective of sediment management, the methodology to data sets from RSMNs.
The data sets held up to 4,012 inland and 1,362 marine sediments for trace elements and up to 2,774 inland and 952 marine sediments for organic micropollutants. Based on (1) the trace elements analysed in RSMNs, (2) a literature review of aqueous solubility of the dangerous inorganic substances (EU list) and (3) a literature review of trace element speciation in sediments, 12 inorganic dangerous substances with CRM properties were selected. For each substance, the threshold concentrations corresponding to a hazardous waste were then transformed into threshold total trace element contents. For the organic micropollutants, the list of dangerous substances considered was imposed by the content of RSMNs databases, and the threshold values were directly taken from the waste regulation. The statistical distributions of the data set values were then compared with the threshold values.
Exceedance of the threshold values was observed for all trace elements, and these were examined more closely by taking into account (1) the relative contribution of the carbonate or sulphide fractions and (2) for the dangerous substances containing two trace elements (Pb and As, Pb and Cr, Zn and Cr), the observed ratios of the concentrations of the two elements compared with the ratios that would be observed if the trace element(s) was(were) present solely as the dangerous substances considered. Overall, only 0.08% of the samples may pose a CRM hazard due to their content in Ni, 0.2% for Cd, 0.26% for Cr and 0.09% for Zn. The highest concentration of organic contaminant with CRM properties (62 mg kg(-1), benzo(a)pyrene) remains 16 times below the corresponding threshold value.
No CRM hazard results from the organic dangerous substances analysed in RSMNs. For the dangerous inorganic substances holding trace elements analysed in RSMNs, the possibility of CRM hazard exists at most for 0.6% of the samples considered. Taking into account the H7, H10 and H11 criteria in the assessment of the possible hazard caused by dredged sediments analysed in RSMNs will not influence the possible management options for 99.4% of these materials.
- 出版日期2011-10
