科研之友
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摘要
The procedure for the calculation of the embedded atom model (EAM) potential, which involves the use of data on the structure of liquid metal in the vicinity of the melting temperature and of the results of impact tests, is applied to uranium. The use of the method of molecular dynamics and of the EAM potential produces good agreement with experiment as regards the structure, density, and potential energy of liquid metal at temperatures up to 5000 K, as well as along the shock adiabat up to pressures of a parts per thousand 360 GPa. The thermodynamic properties of solid (bcc) and liquid uranium are determined at pressures up to 470 GPa and temperatures up to 12 000 K. The predicted value of bulk modulus of liquid at 1406 K is close to the actual value. The self-diffusion coefficient under isobaric heating increases with temperature by the power law with exponent of a parts per thousand 2.103. The Stokes-Einstein relation is used to determine the dynamic viscosity at temperatures up to 6000 K. The obtained potential is not quite adequate for describing crystalline uranium under normal conditions. The melting temperature of uranium with EAM potential is equal to 1455 +/- 2 K and somewhat higher than real. The melting temperature monotonically increases with pressure and reaches the value of 7342 K at 444 GPa. For obtaining agreement with experimental data for energy of uranium along the p = 0 isobar, it is assumed that an additional contribution to energy emerges at elevated temperatures, which is due to excitation of atomic electrons and leads to a high heat capacity: it may be as high as almost 100 kJ/mol at 5000 K. This contribution further causes a high heat capacity of highly compressed states of uranium.
- 出版日期2010-6
