About PAR: The distinct evolutionary dynamics of the pseudoautosomal region

作者：Otto Sarah P; Pannell John R; Peichel Catherine L; Ashman Tia Lynn; Charlesworth Deborah; Chippindale Adam K; Delph Lynda F; Guerrero Rafael F; Scarpino Samuel V; McAllister Bryant F^*

来源：Trends in Genetics, 2011, 27(9): 358-367.

DOI：10.1016/j.tig.2011.05.001

Sex chromosomes differ from other chromosomes in the striking divergence they often show in size, structure, and gene content. Not only do they possess genes controlling sex determination that are restricted to either the X or Y (or Z or W) chromosomes, but in many taxa they also include recombining regions. In these 'pseudoautosomal regions' (PARs), sequence homology is maintained by meiotic pairing and exchange in the heterogametic sex. PARs are unique genomic regions, exhibiting some features of autosomes, but they are also influenced by their partial sex linkage. Here we review the distribution and structure of PARs among animals and plants, the theoretical predictions concerning their evolutionary dynamics, the reasons for their persistence, and the diversity and content of genes that reside within them. It is now clear that the evolution of the PAR differs in important ways from that of genes in either the non-recombining regions of sex chromosomes or the autosomes.

• 出版日期2011-9