Neuro-psychopharmacogenetics and Neurological Antecedents of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Unlocking the Mysteries of Resilience and Vulnerability

作者：Bowirrat Abdalla; Chen Thomas J H; Blum Kenneth^*; Madigan Margaret; Bailey John A; Chen Amanda Lih Chuan; Downs B William; Braverman Eric R; Radi Shahien; Waite Roger L; Kerner Mallory; Giordano John; Morse Siohban; Oscar Berman Marlene; Gold Mark

来源：Current Neuropharmacology, 2010, 8(4): 335-358.

DOI：10.2174/157015910793358123

• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• genes and environment
• neurotransmitters
• Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

Background and Hypothesis: Although the biological underpinnings of immediate and protracted traumarelated responses are extremely complex, 40 years of research on humans and other mammals have demonstrated that trauma (particularly trauma early in the life cycle) has long-term effects on neurochemical responses to stressful events. These effects include the magnitude of the catecholamine response and the duration and extent of the cortisol response. In addition, a number of other biological systems are involved, including mesolimbic brain structures and various neuro-transmitters. An understanding of the many genetic and environmental interactions contributing to stress-related responses will provide a diagnostic and treatment map, which will illuminate the vulnerability and resilience of individuals to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Proposal and Conclusions: We propose that successful treatment of PTSD will involve preliminary genetic testing for specific polymorphisms. Early detection is especially important, because early treatment can improve outcome. When genetic testing reveals deficiencies, vulnerable individuals can be recommended for treatment with "body friendly" pharmacologic substances and/or nutrients. Results of our research suggest the following genes should be tested: serotoninergic, dopaminergic (DRD2, DAT, DBH), glucocorticoid, GABAergic (GABRB), apolipoprotein systems (APOE2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Monamine B, CNR1, Myo6, CRF-1 and CRF-2 receptors, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Treatment in part should be developed that would up-regulate the expression of these genes to bring about a feeling of well being as well as a reduction in the frequency and intensity of the symptoms of PTSD.

• 出版日期2010-12