A Review of Communication Failure Impacts on Adaptive Microgrid Protection Schemes and the Use of Energy Storage as a Contingency

作者：Habib Hany F; Lashway Christopher R; Mohammed Osama A^*

来源：IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54(2): 1194-1207.

DOI：10.1109/TIA.2017.2776858

• Cyber-attacks
• energy storage
• hybrid energy storage systems (HESS)
• microgrids
• protection scheme

A main challenge in the practical implementation of a microgrid is the design of an adequate protection scheme in both grid-connected and islanded modes of operation. Microgrid protection requires a fast, reliable, and robust communication system to adjust relay settings to the appropriate current level according to the operation mode. Various approaches have been implemented to deal with this problem, yet the most promising ones are the use of adaptive protection techniques abiding by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 communication standard. This paper presents a review of the technical challenges for the use of classical protection techniques and the need for an enhanced, adaptive, smart protection system. However, the risk of communication link failures and cyber security threats still remain a challenge in implementing a reliable adaptive protection scheme. A contingency is essential in the event that a communication failure prevents a relay fromadjusting between grid-connected and islanded mode. An adaptive protection scheme is proposed, which utilizes energy storage devices to enhance resiliency against communication outages. The proposed solution does not incur additional costs to the network, as the energy storage devices are already utilized for other purposes. A case study experimentally verifies this contingency under a worst-case scenario, where a fault occurs simultaneously with a pulsed load while operating in islanded mode with a communication failure.

• 出版日期2018-4