Association of Bystander and First-Responder Intervention With Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in North Carolina, 2010-2013

作者：Hansen, Carolina Malta^*; Kragholm, Kristian; Pearson, David A.; Tyson, Clark; Monk, Lisa; Myers, Brent; Nelson, Darrell; Dupre, Matthew E.; Fo**ol, Emil L.; Jollis, James G.; Strauss, Benjamin; Anderson, Monique L.; McNally, Bryan; Granger, Christopher B.

来源：JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2015, 314(3): 255-264.

DOI：10.1001/jama.2015.7938

• ASSISTED CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION
• AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS
• PUBLIC-ACCESS DEFIBRILLATION
• MULTIPLE IMPUTATION
• UNITED-STATES
• LAY RESCUERS
• COMMUNITY
• HEART
• IMPLEMENTATION
• PROGRAM

IMPORTANCE Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with low survival, but early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation can improve outcomes if more widely adopted. @@@ OBJECTIVE To examine temporal changes in bystander and first-responder resuscitation efforts before arrival of the emergency medical services (EMS) following statewide initiatives to improve bystander and first-responder efforts in North Carolina from 2010-2013 and to examine the association between bystander and first-responder resuscitation efforts and survival and neurological outcome. @@@ DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 4961 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for whom resuscitation was attempted and who were identified through the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (2010-2013). First responders were dispatched police officers, firefighters, rescue squad, or life-saving crew trained to perform basic life support until arrival of the EMS. @@@ EXPOSURES Statewide initiatives to improve bystander and first-responder interventions included training members of the general population in CPR and in use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), training first responders in team-based CPR including AED use and high-performance CPR, and training dispatch centers in recognition of cardiac arrest. @@@ MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The proportion of bystander and first-responder resuscitation efforts, including the combination of efforts between bystanders and first responders, from 2010 through 2013 and the association between these resuscitation efforts and survival and neurological outcome. @@@ RESULTS The combination of bystander CPR and first-responder defibrillation increased from 14.1% (51 of 362; 95% CI, 10.9%-18.1%) in 2010 to 23.1%(104 of 451; 95% CI, 19.4%-27.2%) in 2013 (P < .01). Survival with favorable neurological outcome increased from 7.1%(82 of 1149; 95% CI, 5.8%-8.8%) in 2010 to 9.7%(129 of 1334; 95% CI, 8.2%-11.4%) in 2013(P = .02) and was associated with by stander-initiated CPR. Adjusting for age and sex, bystander and first-responder interventions were associated with higher survival to hospital discharge. Survival following EMS-initiated CPR and defibrillation was 15.2%(30 of 198; 95% CI, 10.8%-20.9%) compared with 33.6%(38 of 113; 95% CI, 25.5%-42.9%) following bystander-initiated CPR and defibrillation (odds ratio [OR], 3.12; 95% CI, 1.78-5.46); 24.2%(83 of 343; 95% CI, 20.0%-29.0%) following bystander CPR and first-responder defibrillation (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.06-2.71); and 25.2%(109 of 432; 95% CI, 21.4%-29.6%) following first-responder CPR and defibrillation (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.13-2.77). @@@ CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Following a statewide educational intervention on rescusitation training, the proportion of patients receiving bystander-initiated CPR and defibrillation by first responders increased and was associated with greater likelihood of survival. Bystander-initiated CPR was associated with greater likelihood of survival with favorable neurological outcome.

• 出版日期2015-7-21