Anticholinergics Influence Transition from Normal Cognition to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Primary Care

作者：Campbell Noll L^*; Lane Kathleen A; Gao Sujuan; Boustani Malaz A; Unverzagt Fred

来源：Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 38(5): 511-519.

DOI：10.1002/phar.2106

• dementia
• adverse drug reaction
• primary care
• anticholinergic
• pharmacoepidemiology
• modifiable risk factors
• mild cognitive impairment

Study ObjectiveTo determine the influence of anticholinergic medications on transitions in cognitive diagnosis of older adults in primary care.
DesignThis observational cohort study was conducted over a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. Anticholinergic exposure was defined by pharmacy dispensing and claims records. Cognitive diagnosis was performed by an expert panel at baseline and annually up to 4 years.
Data SourceMedication exposure and other clinical data were extracted from the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC). The cognitive diagnosis was derived from a cognitive screening and diagnosis study.
ParticipantsA total of 350 adults 65 years and older without dementia and receiving primary care in a safety net health care system.
Measurement and Main ResultsCognitive diagnosis followed a two-phase screening and consensus-based neuropsychiatric examination to determine a baseline diagnosis as normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, with a follow-up neuropsychiatric examination and consensus-based diagnosis repeated annually. The Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale was used to identify anticholinergics dispensed up to 10 years before enrollment and annually throughout the study. A total standard daily dose of anticholinergics was calculated by using pharmacy dispensing data from the INPC. Among 350 participants, a total of 978 diagnostic assessments were completed over a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. Compared with stable cognition, increasing use of strong anticholinergics calculated by total standard daily dose increased the odds of transition from normal cognition to MCI (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.31, p = 0.0342). Compared with stable MCI, strong anticholinergics did not influence the reversion of MCI to normal cognition (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86-1.05, p = 0.3266).
ConclusionDe-prescribing interventions in older adults with normal cognition should test anticholinergics as potentially modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment.

• 出版日期2018-5