Mineralogy, petrology, and distribution of meteorites at the Whitecourt crater, Alberta, Canada

作者：Newman Jennifer D; Herd Christopher D K^*

来源：Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 2015, 50(2): 305-317.

DOI：10.1111/maps.12422

The Whitecourt meteorite impact crater, Alberta, Canada is a rare example of a well-preserved small impact structure, with which thousands of meteorite fragments are associated. As such, this crater represents a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of a low-energy impact event on an impacting iron bolide. Excellent documentation of meteorite fragment locations and characteristics has generated a detailed distribution map of both shrapnel and regmaglypted meteorite types. The meteorites' distribution, and internal and external characteristics support a low-altitude breakup of the impactor which caused atmospherically ablated (regmaglypted) meteorites to fall close to the crater and avoid impact-related deformation. In contrast, shrapnel fragments sustained deformation at macro- and microscales resulting from the catastrophic disruption of the impactor. The impactor was significantly fragmented along pre-existing planes of weakness, including kamacite lamellae and inclusions, resulting in a bias toward low-mass (<100g) fragments. Meteorite mineralogy was investigated and the accessory minerals were found to be dominated by sulfides and phosphides with rare carlsbergite, consistent with other low-Ni IIIAB iron meteorites. Considerations of the total mass of meteoritic material recovered at the site relative to the probable fraction of the impactor that was preserved based on modeling suggests that the crater was formed by a higher velocity, lower mass impactor than previously inferred.

• 出版日期2015-2