A temporal analysis of the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, 1966 to 2006

作者：Day Peter L; Pearce Jamie R; Pearson Amber L^*

来源：Public Health Nutrition, 2015, 18(1): 135-142.

DOI：10.1017/S1368980013002863

• Childhood obesity
• School food environments
• Clustering

Objective: To explore changes in urban food environments near schools, as potential contributors to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children.
Design: Addresses of food premises and schools in 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 were geo-coded. For each year, the number and proportion of outlets by category (supermarket/grocery; convenience; fast-food outlet) within 800m of schools were calculated. The degree of spatial clustering of outlets was assessed using a bivariate K-function analysis. Food outlet categories, school level and school social deprivation quintiles were compared.
Setting: Christchurch, New Zealand.
Subjects: All schools and food outlets at 10-year snapshots from 1966 to 2006.
Results: Between 1966 and 2006, the median number of supermarkets/grocery stores within 800m of schools decreased from 5 to 1, convenience stores decreased from 2 to 1, and fast-food outlets increased from 1 to 4. The ratio of fast-food outlets to total outlets increased from 0.10 to 0.67. The clustering of fastfood outlets was greatest within 800m of schools and around the most socially deprived schools. Over the 40-year study period, school food environments in Christchurch can be characterized by increased densities of fast-food outlets within walking distance of schools, especially around the most deprived schools.
Conclusions: Since the 1960s, there have been substantial changes to the food environments around schools which may increasingly facilitate away-from-home food consumption for children and provide easily accessible, cheap energydense foods, a recognized contributor to the rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people.

• 出版日期2015-1