A randomized controlled trial of buprenorphine taper duration among opioid-dependent adolescents and young adults

作者：Marsch Lisa A^*; Moore Sarah K; Borodovsky Jacob T; Solhkhah Ramon; Badger Gary J; Semino Shelby; Jarrett Kate; Condon Kathleen DiGangi; Rossettie Kate; Vincent Phillip; Hajizadeh Neda; Ducat Elizabeth

来源：Addiction, 2016, 111(8): 1406-1415.

DOI：10.1111/add.13363

• Adolescent
• buprenorphine
• detoxification
• opioid use disorder
• treatment
• Young adult

Background and AimsFew randomized controlled trials have evaluated buprenorphine treatment interventions for opioid-dependent youth. Consequently, optimal administration strategies for this cohort are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relative efficacy of two different buprenorphine taper lengths in promoting abstinence from illicit opioids and treatment retention among opioid-dependent youth.
DesignA double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter randomized controlled trial.
SettingTwo hospital-based research clinics (Manhattan and Brooklyn) in New York City, USA from 2005 to 2010.
ParticipantsVolunteer sample of 53 primarily Caucasian participants between the ages of 16 and 24 (n=11 under age 18) who met DSM-IV opioid dependence criteria.
InterventionParticipants were assigned randomly to either a 28-day buprenorphine taper (n=28) or 56-day buprenorphine taper (n=25) via a parallel-groups design during a 63-day period. Both groups received behavioral counseling and opioid abstinence incentives. Both taper conditions had a minimum of 1week of placebo dosing at the end of the taper.
MeasurementsThe primary outcome was opioid abstinence measured as a percentage of scheduled urine toxicology tests documented to be negative for opioids. The secondary outcome was treatment retention, measured as number of days attended scheduled visits.
FindingsIntent-to-treat analyses revealed that participants who received a 56-day buprenorphine taper had a significantly higher percentage of opioid-negative scheduled urine tests compared with participants who received a 28-day buprenorphine taper [35 versus 17%, P=0.039; Cohen's d=0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.02, 1.13]. Participants who received a 56-day buprenorphine taper were retained in treatment significantly longer than participants who received a 28-day buprenorphine taper (37.5 versus 26.4days, P=0.027; Cohen's d=0.63, 95% CI=0.06, 1.19). Daily attendance requirement was associated with decreased abstinence and shorter retention compared with a two to three times weekly attendance requirement, independent of taper duration. Follow-up data were insufficient to report.
ConclusionLonger (56-day) buprenorphine taper produces better opioid abstinence and retention outcomes than shorter (28-day) buprenorphine taper for opioid-dependent youth.

• 出版日期2016-8