An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes

作者：Ilicak Mehmet^*; Drange Helge; Wang Qiang; Gerdes Rudiger; Aksenov Yevgeny; Bailey David; Bentsen Mats; Biastoch Arne; Bozec Alexandra; Boening Claus; Cassou Christophe; Chassignet Eric; Coward Andrew C; Curry Beth; Danabasoglu Gokhan; Danilov Sergey; Fernandez Elodie; Fogli Pier Giuseppe; Fujii Yosuke; Griffies Stephen M; Iovino Doroteaciro; Jahn Alexandra; Jung Thomas; Large William G; Lee Craig; Lique Camille; Lu Jianhua; Masina Simona; Nurser A J George

来源：Ocean Modelling, 2016, 100: 141-161.

DOI：10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004

• Arctic Ocean
• Atlantic Water
• St. Anna Trough
• Density currents
• CORE-II atmospheric forcing

In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the shelves.

• 出版日期2016-4