A Guide to Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolyte Making for Li-Ion Cells

作者：Ma, Lin; Glazier, S. L.; Petibon, R.; Xia, Jian; Peters, Jeremy M.; Liu, Q.; Allen, J.; Doig, R. N. C.; Dahn, J. R.^*

来源：Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2017, 164(1): A5008-A5018.

DOI：10.1149/2.0191701jes

• PYRIDINE-BORON-TRIFLUORIDE
• PARASITIC HEAT-FLOW
• ISOTHERMAL MICROCALORIMETRY
• TEMPERATURE STORAGE
• BATTERIES
• PERFORMANCE
• ADDITIVES
• DINITRILE
• CHEMISTRY
• VINYLENE

Li[Ni0.42Mn0.42Co0.16]O-2 (NMC442)/graphite pouch cells demonstrate superb performance at high voltage when ethylene carbonate (EC)-free electrolytes, using a solvent mixture that is >95% ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and between 2 and 5% of an "enabler", are used. The "enablers", required to passivate graphite during formation, can be vinylene carbonate (VC), methylene-ethylene carbonate (MEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or difluoro ethylene carbonate (DiFEC), among others. In order to optimize the amount of "enabler" added to EMC, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to track the consumption of "enabler" during the formation step. Storage tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ultrahigh precision coulometry (UHPC), long-term cycling, differential voltage analysis and isothermal microcalorimetry were used to determine the optimum amount of enabler to add to the cells. It was found that the graphite negative electrode cannot be fully passivated when the amount of "enabler" is too low resulting in gas production and capacity fade. Using excess "enabler" can cause large impedance and gas production in most cases. The choice of "enabler" also impacts cell performance. A solvent blend of 5% FEC with 95% EMC (by weight) provides the best combination of properties in NMC442/graphite cells operated to 4.4 V. It is our opinion that the experiments and their interpretation presented here represent a primer for the design of EC-free electrolytes. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

• 出版日期2017
• 单位哈尔滨工业大学