AIR POLLUTION STUDIES IN BULGARIA USING THE MOSS BIOMONITORING TECHNIQUE

作者：Marinova Savka; Yurukova Lilyana; Frontasyeva Marina V^*; Steinnes Eiliv; Strelkova Lyudmila P; Marinov Alexander; Karadzhinova Anelia G

来源：Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S-Chemia i Inzynieria Ekologiczna S, 2010, 17(1): 37-52.

• atmospheric deposition
• moss biomonitoring
• neutron activation analysis
• atomic absorption spectrometry
• trace elements
• factor analysis
• sources

The moss biomonitoring technique was used to study trace element atmospheric deposition in four areas of Bulgaria (the Western Thracian-Rhodope, the Eastern Thracian-Rhodope, the South-Eastern and the North-Central Bulgaria) during the European moss survey in 2005. A total of 41 elements (Na, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rd, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pb, Th, and U) were determined by instrumental epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) in 97 samples of terrestrial moss. The moss species used was Hypnum cupressiforme. Principal component analysis (factor analysis) was used to identify and characterize different pollution sources and to point out the most polluted areas. The interpretation of the factor analysis findings points to natural crust, marine, and vegetation components as well as to anthropogenic sources: ferrous (Plovdiv, Haskovo) and non-ferrous industries (Plovdiv, Kardzhali, Burgas); oil refining (Burgas), and central heating stations (Plovdiv, Haskovo, Stara Zagora, Burgas). Comparison of the medians of the elemental concentrations in moss samples collected in Bulgaria with those in the Balkan and other European countries reveals that the Balkan countries show considerably higher concentrations of most elements in moss than observed in other European countries where moss sampling has been employed.

• 出版日期2010