Desflurane but not sevoflurane augments laryngeal C-fiber inputs to nucleus tractus solitarii neurons by activating transient receptor potential-A1

作者：Mutoh Tatsushi^*; Taki Yasuyuki; Tsubone Hirokazu

来源：Life Sciences, 2013, 92(14-16): 821-828.

DOI：10.1016/j.lfs.2013.02.015

• Airway irritation
• Volatile anesthetic
• Laryngeal C-fibers
• Nucleus tractus solitarii
• TRPA1
• Reflex pathway
• Central nervous system

Aims: Volatile anesthetics have distinct odors and some are irritating to the upper airway and may cause cough and laryngospasm, which may result, in part, from stimulation of C-fiber reflex. Local exposure of such anesthetics increases the sensitivity of capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal C-fiber endings compatible with airway irritability presumably by activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion Channels, but the physiological relevance of this sensitization transmitted to the higher-order neurons in the central reflex pathway and output is unknown.
Main methods: In anesthetized young guinea pigs, baseline and left atrial capsaicin evoked changes in the extracellular unit activity of laryngeal C-fiber-activated neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and phrenic nerve activity were compared between irritant (desflurane) and non-irritant (sevoflurane) anesthetic gas exposure to the isolated larynx.
Key findings: Desflurane significantly augmented the peak and duration (p < 0.01) of the NTS neuronal responses and the prolongation of expiratory time (p = 0.017). The effect was enhanced by iontophoretic application of the TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate (p < 0.05), inhibited by TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 (p < 0.01), but not by TRPV1 antagonist BCTC. Sevoflurane did not affect the central pathway.
Significance: Thus, the sensitization of the laryngeal C-fiber endings by irritant volatile anesthetics is transmitted to the NTS via activation of the TRPA1 and is associated with a prolonged reflexively evoked expiratory apnea. The findings may help to explain local deleterious effects of irritant volatile general anesthetics on the airways during inhaled induction or bronchodilator therapy for status asthmatics.

• 出版日期2013-5-2