ACCUMULATION AND DEPURATION OF YESSOTOXIN IN TWO BIVALVES

作者：Roeder Karin; Fritz Nicole; Gerdts Gunnar; Luckas Bernd

来源：Journal of Shellfish Research, 2011, 30(1): 167-175.

DOI：10.2983/035.030.0124

• marine toxins
• shellfish toxicity
• yessotoxin
• YTX
• 45-hydroxy yessotoxin
• carboxy yessotoxin
• keto yessotoxin
• Protoceratium reticulatum
• Gonyaulax grindleyi
• blue mussels
• Mytilus edulis
• Pacific oysters
• Crassostrea gigas
• LC-MS/MS
• metabolism

Contamination of bivalves with yessotoxins (YTXs) has been reported since 1987 in several coastal environments. In our study we investigated the accumulation and the metabolism of YTXs in 2 bivalve species important to German fisheries and aquaculture. Mussels and oysters. Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to the YTX-producing dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum isolated from the North Sea. Toxin profiles from algae and bivalves were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It was evident that 45-hydroxy YTX (45-OH YTX), carboxy YTX (COOH YTX), and the putative 45-hydroxy-carboxy YTX (45-OH-COOH YTX) were the dominant YTX analogues in M. edulis. The oyster C. gigas displayed a different toxin profile. YTX, 45-OH YTX, and 45-OH-COOH YTX were also present, but COOH YTX was not detectable. Furthermore, 2 unidentified analogues with the same MS/MS transition ([M-H](-) > [M-H-SO3](-)) occurred in both bivalve species. Homo YTX and 45-hydroxy-homo YTX, which are regulated together with YTX and 45-OH YTX in 2002/225 EC were not detected. In general, we confirmed former field investigations on accumulation and metabolism of YTXs in M. edulis; however, this is the first study on accumulation and metabolism of YTXs in the oyster C. gigas.

• 出版日期2011-4